This whole series is very easy.
1. Don't die. If you die, the counter is reset.
2. Stay on an extreme world. How to check for extreme worlds? Your hazard protection should say EXTREME, the world's weather information should be in red when you first land, there should be storms, whatever chromatic metal it has should be Activated (Activated Copper, etc.)
3. Build any shelter, preferably a completely closed one.
4. Stay there, away from the door.
5. Keep the game in that state. Go to work, go to sleep, or something, until 32 SOLS (in-game equivalent to Earth day) passes.
The hard part of this achievement is the boredom. Building in a storm isn't much fun. You can't really hunt for stuff (except storm crystals) without burning through all the ion batteries or dioxites. Poor visibility has also claimed many travellers' lives. Life on an extreme world sucks, but you can do it.
Just 32 SOLS!