Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.
Explode 10 enemies.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill a librarian.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Kill 20 lurkers.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Make 25 headshots.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
Kill 2 demons.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
Kill 30 nosalises.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.