Here is the full list of all 24 SteamWorld Dig achievements. It takes around 10-12 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Dig out 15000 tiles.
Destroy two generators before entering Vectron.
Crush 10 enemies with falling blocks.
Complete the game with more than 20000 gold collected in total.
Complete the game without getting killed once.
Get all four gold stars in the same playthrough.
Complete the game in less than 2 hours, 30 minutes.
Find all secret areas in the caves.
Maximize all upgrades.
Defeat 10 mecha trilobites before they wake up.
Find and sell 8 Uranium ores at the same time.
Complete the game with more than 150 orbs collected in total.
Immortalization of a destructible steambot.
Destroy a laser box.
Find and sell 16 Dark Matter ores at the same time.
Reach the bottom of the world.
Defeat a turtle submerged in water.
Buy from all of Tumbleton's shops.
You found Vectron!
Defeat 10 shiners before they wake up.
You found the Old World!
Defeat 10 trilobites before they wake up.
Find and sell 8 Trashium ores at the same time.
You found Archaea!