Here is the full list of all 51 Starbound achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Obtain a complete alpaca costume. Use it only for good!
Move a planet's worth of blocks. If you weren't using a Matter Manipulator you'd be ripped.
Complete 50 quests for your colonists. When did this become your full time job?
Complete 25 quests for your colonists. These guys sure do ask a lot of you don't they...
Attract 10 unique tenants. Marvel at their collective peculiarity.
Catch 42 unique bugs. Give them all funny names.
Find 100 unique codex items. Study them all, prepare for a pop quiz.
Unearth 55 unique fossils. Try not to pay attention to the ones that are alarmingly humanoid.
Collect 210 unique pieces of armour. See how many you can wear at the same time. (Spoiler, it's 3).
Collect at least 50 unique action figures. Insist to your friends they're actually called statuettes.
Build 5 homes in a very small space. This isn't a healthy way for anyone to live.
Destroy a robot chicken. Don't try to eat it.
Recruit one crew member from every race. It's like a teeny tiny protectorate.
Recruit at least 12 crew members. Consider starting a pension plan.
Obtain the mythical perfectly generic item.
Restore a complete fossil. Make wild assumptions about what it used to be.
Obtain a cool vehicle. Pop some sweet wheelies.
Complete 10 quests for your colonists. Feel like an asset to the community!
Build a large colony. Well done Protector!
Recruit a penguin mercenary from the Beakeasy.
Attract your first colonist. Make sure you treat them right.
Kill 100 small flying monsters. They had it coming.
Recruit your first crew member. Captain!
Kill another player. Unity is overrated anyway.
Defeat the Ruin.
Return the Baron to the outpost.
Complete the Cosmic Museum's cosmic collection.
Return Lana Blake to the outpost.
Complete Mazebound. You only need to beat it 300,000 times to win a slide whistle.
Harvest 30 unique crops. Start thinking about who you'd like to romance and that barn extension.
Defeat the Shockhopper MK I. Notice it rarely hops.
Become champion of the arena. Crush your foes like an orange sorbet.
Return Tonauac to the outpost.
Return Koichi to the outpost.
Incapacitate an innocent bystander. You monster.
Capture a monster. How does it fit in that tiny ball?
Prepare at least 100 unique dishes. Bonus points if they're edible.
Defeat the dastardly Dreadwing. Bring joy to penguins everywhere.
Defeat Mother Poptop. Every Poptop you meet from here on out is a lonely orphan.
Augment your EPP. Now it's an AEPP.
Capture your first bug with a bug net. Esther would be proud.
Return Nuru to the outpost.
Obtain an entire set of armour. Now use dye to make your armour fabulous.
Fix your ship.
Collect your first musical instrument! Keep playing, even when everyone begs you to stop.
Meet Esther.
Find a Codex. On Earth it's rude to read other people's diaries.
Practice your chef skills. Try not to harm anyone.
Harvest a crop. See what happens when you eat it.
Complete a quest! Joke's on you, there isn't any XP in this game.
Survive the Protectorate. It could have been worse.