Here is the full list of all 20 Spelunky achievements. It takes around 100-120 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Play Adventure Mode 1000 times.
Complete the game without collecting any treasure. No shortcuts.
Complete the game with at least two players alive. No shortcuts.
Complete the game the hard way.
Rescue all 16 hidden characters.
Complete 100% of the journal.
Complete the game in under 8 minutes. No shortcuts.
Obtain 500,000 gold.
Rescue 10 or more damsels in one game.
Complete the game.
Complete the game without using shortcuts.
Reach the City of Gold.
Kill 12 or more shopkeepers in one game.
Complete 50% of the journal.
Win the kapala from Kali.
Reach the Temple.
Obtain the Ankh.
Reach the Ice Caves.
Reach the Jungle.
Beat the Tutorial.