Here is the full list of all 20 Spelunky achievements. It takes around 100-120 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Play Adventure Mode 1000 times.
Obtain 500,000 gold.
Complete the game with at least two players alive. No shortcuts.
Rescue all 16 hidden characters.
Complete the game without collecting any treasure. No shortcuts.
Complete 100% of the journal.
Complete the game the hard way.
Complete the game in under 8 minutes. No shortcuts.
Kill 12 or more shopkeepers in one game.
Reach the City of Gold.
Win the kapala from Kali.
Complete the game without using shortcuts.
Complete the game.
Rescue 10 or more damsels in one game.
Obtain the Ankh.
Reach the Temple.
Complete 50% of the journal.
Reach the Ice Caves.
Reach the Jungle.
Beat the Tutorial.