Here is the full list of all 18 Sheltered achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Fully upgrade all systems
Take the RV out on an expedition
Trap 100 animals on the shelter surface (cumulatively)
Survive 100 days
Fully upgrade a system
Subdue an enemy in combat
Have 5 or more plant stations in the shelter
Grow and harvest a plant from the plant station
Travel 1000 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Search 200 locations (cumulatively)
Collect all 10 tools (on a single game)
Travel 500 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Win combat using a gun
Travel 100 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Trap an animal on the shelter surface
Survive a week
Upgrade a system once
Craft your first object/item