Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
Explode 10 enemies.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
Make 25 headshots.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill a librarian.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Kill 2 demons.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Kill 20 lurkers.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Kill 30 nosalises.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.